THE TREATY OF MADINAH
In the name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful
1. This agreement of Allah's Prophet Muhammad (Sal Allaho
Alehe Wasallam) shall apply to the migrants, Quraish, the citizens of Yathrib
(Medinah) who have accepted Islam and all such people who are in agreement with
the above mentioned bodies and side with them in war.
2. Those who are a party to this agreement shall be treated as
a body separate from all those who are not a party to this agreement.
3. The Quraish migrants are in themselves a party and as in
the past; shall be responsible for the payment of blood-money on behalf of
their criminals and shall themselves get their prisoners freed, after the
payment of ransom. All this process shall be in accordance with the principles
of belief (Iman) and justice.
4. Bani Auf shall be responsible for their own tribe and shall
jointly pay their blood-money in accordance with article 3 and shall themselves
be responsible for getting their prisoners freed after paying ransom. All this
work shall be completed in conformity with the principle of honesty and
justice.
5. Bani Al Haris shall be responsible for their own tribe and
shall jointly pay their blood-money in accordance with article 3 and shall themselves
be responsible for getting their prisoners freed after paying ransom. All this
work shall be completed in conformity with the principle of honesty and
justice.
6. Bani Sa'ida shall be responsible for their own tribe and
shall jointly pay their blood-money, in accordance with article 3 and shall themselves
be responsible for getting their prisoners freed after paying ransom. All this
work shall be completed in conformity with the principle of honesty and
justice.
7. Bani Jusham shall be responsible for their own tribe and
shall jointly pay their blood-money, in accordance with article 3 and shall themselves
be responsible for getting their prisoners freed after paying ransom. All this
work shall be completed in conformity with the principle of honesty and
justice.
8. Bani An-Najjar shall be responsible for their own tribe and
shall jointly pay their blood-money in accordance with article 3 and shall
themselves be responsible for getting their prisoners freed after paying
ransom. All this work shall be completed in conformity with the principle of
honesty and justice.
9. Bani Amr shall be responsible for their own tribe and shall
jointly pay their blood-money in accordance with article 3 and shall themselves
be responsible for getting their prisoners freed after paying ransom. All this
work shall be completed in conformity with the principle of honesty and
justice.
10. Bani Al Wabiyyat shall be responsible for their own tribe
and shall jointly pay their blood-money, in accordance with article 3 and shall
themselves be responsible for getting their prisoners freed after paying
ransom. All this work shall be completed in conformity with the principle of
honesty and justice.
11. Bani Al-Aus shall be responsible for their own tribe and
shall jointly pay their blood-money in accordance with article 3 and shall themselves
be responsible for getting their prisoners freed after paying ransom. All this
work shall be completed in conformity with the principle of honesty and
justice.
12. If from amongst the Muslims, an indigent person is guilty
of an offence, in which blood-money becomes due or he is taken prisoner and is
unable to pay ransom; it shall be incumbent on other Muslims to pay blood-money
or ransom on his behalf and get him freed, in order that virtue and sympathy in
the mutual relationship of the Muslims may be created.
13. No Muslim shall be hostile to the slave set free by another
Muslim.
14. It shall be the duty of the Muslims to oppose openly every
such person as created mischief and riot and troubles human beings or forcibly
wants to grab something and resorts to oppression. All the Muslims shall remain
mutually united in punishing such a person, even if he is the son of anyone of
them.
15. No Muslim shall have the right of killing another Muslim in exchange of an infidel (who is at war) or assist a person who is at war with the Muslims.
16. The promise of Allah, responsibility and protection are all one and the same. This means that if a Muslim gives refuge to someone, it shall be incumbent on all Muslims to honour it; although the Muslim providing the refuge may be a plebeian. All the Muslims are brethren amongst themselves, as compared to others.
17. It is incumbent on all the Muslims to help and extend sympathetic treatment to the Jews who have entered into an agreement with us. Neither an oppression of any type should be perpetrated on them nor should their enemy be helped against them.
18. The truce of all the Muslims shall be one: When there is a war in the way of Allah; none of the Muslims leaving aside other Muslims, shall enter into a peace treaty with an enemy, unless the treaty in one and the same for all the Muslims.
19. All the groups who participate in war along with us, shall
be afforded an opportunity to rest by turns.
20. The provision of subsistence to the dependants of the Muslim who get martyred in the way of Allah, shall be the responsibility of all the Muslims.
21. No doubt all the God-fearing and devout Muslims are on the right path and are the followers of the best way of life.
22. Neither shall any non-Muslim who is a party to this agreement, provide refuge to the life and property of any Quraish nor shall assist any non-Muslim against a Muslim.
23. If someone murders a Muslim and there is a proof against him, the murderer shall be punished. But if the next of kin is prepared to accept blood-money, the murderer could be set free after the payment of blood-money. It shall be obligatory on all the Muslims to observe this injunction without any exception. Nothing other than the prescribed injunctions shall be acceptable.
24. For a Muslim, who after accepting the treaty, has agreed to abide by it and he believes in Allah and the Day of Judgement, it would neither be permissible to create a new thing or practice, nor would it be right for him to have dealings with such a person as does not respect this treaty. Whoever infringes this injunction, the curse and wrath of Allah shall descend on him on the Day of Judgement, and no excuse and request for forgiveness shall be accepted from him, in this respect.
25. When there arises a mutual difference about anything in this agreement, the matter shall be referred for a decision to Allah and Muhammad (Sal Allaho Alehe Wasallam).
26. After the treaty, it shall be obligatory on the Jews to render financial assistance to the Muslims when they are at war with an enemy.
27. The Jews of Bani Auf, who are a party to this agreement and are the supporters of the Muslims, shall adhere to their religion and the Muslims to theirs. Excepting religious matters, the Muslims and Jews shall be regarded as belonging to a single party. If anyone from amongst them commits an outrage or breaks a promise or is guilty of a crime, he shall deserve punishment for his crime.
28. The Jews of Bani An-Najjar, who are a party to this agreement and are the supporters of the Muslims, shall adhere to their religion and the Muslims to theirs. Excepting religious matters, the Muslims and the Jews shall be regarded as belonging to a single party. If anyone from amongst them commits an outrage or breaks a promise or is guilty of a crime, he shall deserve punishment for his crime.
29. The Jews of Bani Al-Haris, who are party to this agreement and are the supporters of the Muslims, shall adhere to their religion and the Muslims to theirs. Excepting religious matters, the Muslims and the Jews shall be regarded as belonging to a single party. If anyone from amongst them commits an outrage or a breaks promise or is guilty of a crime, he shall deserve punishment for his crime.
30. The Jews of Bani Sa'ida, who are a party to this agreement and are the supporters of the Muslims, shall adhere to their religion and the Muslims to theirs. Excepting religious matters, the Muslims and the Jews shall be regarded as belonging to a single party. If anyone from amongst them commit an outrage or breaks a promise or is guilty of a crime, he shall deserve punishment for his crime.
31. The Jews of Bani Hashm, who are a party to this agreement and are the supporters of the Muslims shall adhere to their religion and the Muslims to theirs. Excepting religious matters, the Muslims and Jews shall be regarded as belonging to a single party. If anyone from amongst them commit an outrage or breaks promise or is guilty of a crime, he shall deserve punishment for his crime.
32. The Jews of Bani Al-Aus who are a party to this agreement and are the supporters of the Muslims, shall adhere to their religion and the Muslims to theirs. Excepting religious matters, the Muslims and Jews shall be regarded as belonging to a single party. If anyone from amongst them commits an outrage or breaks promise or is guilty of a crime, he shall deserve punishment for his crime.
33. The Jews of Bani Sa'alaba, who are a party to this agreement and are the supporters of the Muslims, shall adhere to their religion and the Muslims to theirs. Excepting religious matters, the Muslims and Jews shall be regarded as belonging to a single party. If anyone from amongst them commits an outrage or breaks a promise or is guilty of a crime, he shall deserve punishment for his crime.
34. The Jews of Bani Jafna, who are a party to this agreement and are the supporters of the Muslims, shall adhere to their religion and the Muslims to theirs. Excepting religious matters, the Muslims and the Jews shall be regarded as belonging to a single party. If anyone from amongst them commits an outrage or breaks promise or is guilty of a crime, he shall deserve punishment for his crime.
35. The Jews of Bani Al Shotaiba, who are a party to this agreement and are the supporters of the Muslims, shall adhere to their religion and the Muslims to theirs. Excepting religious matters, the Muslims and the Jews shall be regarded as belonging to a single party. If anyone from amongst them commits an outrage or breaks a promise or is guilty of a crime, he shall deserve punishment for his crime.
36. The subordinate branches of the above mentioned tribes shall have the same rights as are enjoyed by the original branches.
37. None of the treaty makers shall take any military action, without the permission of Muhammad (Sal Allaho Alehe Wasallam).
38. No hindrance shall be created in the requital or avenging of an injury or a blow. Whoever commits a breach of promise, shall deserve punishment for it and whoever abides most faithfully by this agreement, Allah will may help him.
39. If a third community wages war against the Muslims and Jews treaty makers, they will have to fight unitedly. They shall help each other mutually and there shall be mutual goodwill and faithfulness. The Jews shall bear their expenses of war and the Muslim their expenses.
40. It is incumbent on the parties to the agreement to treat each other sincerely and to wish each other well. None shall subject the other to oppression and injustice and the oppressed shall be helped.
41. The Jews shall share the expenses along with the Muslims as long as they fight jointly.
42. The plain of Yathrib, which is surrounded by hills, shall be a haram (haven) for the treaty makers.
43. The same treatment shall be meted out to a refugee, to which a person giving the refuge, is entitled; he shall not be harmed. A refuge shall abide by this agreement and he shall not be permitted to break a promise.
44. Nobody shall be provided a refuge without the permission of the people of that place.
45. If there is any occurrence or difference of opinion amongst the treaty makers, which might result in a breach of peace, the matter shall be referred, for a decision, to Allah and Muhammad, the Prophet of Allah (Sal Allaho Alehe Wasallam). Allah shall be with him, who abides most by the treaty.
46. None shall provide protection to the Quraish of Makkah or any of their helpers.
47. If Yathrib (Medinah) is invaded, the Muslims and the Jews
both shall put up a joint defence.
48. If the Muslims make a peace treaty with some one, the Jews shall abide by it. And if the Jews make peace with somebody, it shall be obligatory on the Muslims to extend similar co-operation to the Jews. However, in the case of a religious war of a party, it shall not be the responsibility of the other party to co-operate in it.
49. In the case of an invasion of Medinah, every party will have to defend the part which is in front of it.
50. The helpers of the Aus tribe shall have the same rights, as are enjoyed by the parties to this treaty, provided they too show their loyalty. Whoever adheres to this treaty most, Allah is his supporter and helper.
51. If anyone of the parties to this treaty, has to go out of Medinah, on account of the exigency of war, it shall be entitled to peace and protection. And whoever stays in Medinah, shall also be entitled to peace. Neither shall anybody be oppressed nor breach of promise shall be permissible for him. Whoever will respect this agreement with his heart and will abide by it, Allah and His Prophet (Sal Allaho Alehe Wasallam) are his protectors.
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